Somewhat unusually for a landlocked country, Switzerland has a long tradition of civilian navigation, both on its lakes and rivers, and on the high seas.

Swiss inland navigation
Switzerland has a civilian high seas fleet of merchant vessels, whose home port is Basel, in Switzerland.
The first ships were purchased and operated by the government in order to ensure the supply of critical resources during World War II. After the war, a privately owned merchant fleet emerged, spurred in part by government subsidies that paid for the fleet's operation up until 1953.
As of 2006, 26 ships (mostly container carriers) totalling 479,624 tons, operated by five shipping companies, fly the Swiss flag.

Swiss high seas fleet

ABC Maritime AG
Enzian Shipping AG
Massoel Gestion SA
Reederei Zürich AG
Suisse-Atlantique Société de Navigation Maritime SA

History
Many commercial manufacturers of tomato juice also add salt. Other ingredients are also often added, such as onion powder, garlic powder, and other spices.

Production
A recent small scale study has indicated that tomato juice contains a factor (dubbed P3) that inhibits platelets in blood from clumping together and forming blood clots. . The authors suggest this might be beneficial to diabetes sufferers. The actual effect of increased intake of tomato juice by diabetics has never been studied.
Tomato juice also contains the antioxidant lycopene which some people believe might protect against cancer.

Health issues
In Canada and Mexico, tomato juice is popular mixed with beer, the concoction is known in Canada as Calgary Red-Eye and in Mexico as Cerveza preparada. Tomato juice is the base for the cocktails Bloody Mary and Bloody Caesar, and the cocktail mixer Clamato.
Apart from the obvious use as a beverage, tomato juice's mild acidity means that it can be used to clean up old coins or metal saucepans in much the same way as other acidic substances such as Coca Cola are used.
Tomato juice is frequently used as a packing liquid for canned tomatoes, though it is sometimes replaced by tomato puree for international commerce due to tariff issues on vegetables vs. sauces. According to Cook's Illustrated magazine, tomatoes packed in juice as opposed to puree tend to win taste tests, being perceived as fresher tasting.
The juice is also thought to be an effective cleaning agent against skunk musk. Its effectiveness was tested on MythBusters and it was found to be "Plausible", though it may only work to mask the smell.

In popular culture

The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Inc. (The RACI) is both the qualifying body in Australia for professional chemists and a learned society promoting the science and practice of chemistry in all its branches.

Analytical chemistry
Biomolecular chemistry
Cereal chemistry
Chemical education
Colloid and Surface science
Electrochemistry
Environment
Industrial chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Materials
Organic chemistry
Physical chemistry
Polymer Awards

Australian Journal of Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry - a Journal

Epicurus (Greek Έπίκουρος) (341 BC, Samos – 270 BC, Athens) was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of Epicureanism, a popular school of thought in Hellenistic Philosophy that spanned about 600 years. Of his over 300 written works only a few fragments and letters survive; much of what we know about Epicureanism comes from later followers or commentators.
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by the absence of pain and fear, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and bad, that death is the end of the body and the soul and should therefore not be feared, that the gods do not reward or punish humans, that the universe is infinite and eternal, and that events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
Epicurus was often vilified as favoring the uninhibited pursuit of pleasure (hedonism); however, he invariably counseled restraint and temperance with respect to physical desires.

The School

Main article: Epicureanism Teachings
Elements of Epicurean philosophy have resonated and resurfaced in various diverse thinkers and movements throughout Western intellectual history.
His emphasis minimizing harm and maximizing happiness in his formulation of the Ethic of Reciprocity was later picked up by the democratic thinkers of the French Revolution, and others, like John Locke, who wrote that people had a right to "life, liberty, and property." To Locke, one's own body was part of their property, and thus one's right to property would theoretically guarantee safety for their persons, as well as their possessions.
This triad, as well as the egalitarianism of Epicurus, was carried forward into the American freedom movement and Declaration of Independence, by the American founding father, Thomas Jefferson, as "all men are created equal" and endowed with certain "inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Epicurus was therefore a key influence on the foundation of the American legal system.
Karl Marx's doctoral thesis was on "The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature." [1]
Epicurus was also a significant source of inspiration and interest for Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche cites his affinities to Epicurus in a number of his works, including The Gay Science, Beyond Good and Evil, and his private letters to Peter Gast. Nietzsche was attracted to, among other things, Epicurus' ability to maintain a cheerful philosophical outlook in the face of painful physical ailments. Nietzsche also suffered from a number of sicknesses during his lifetime. However, he thought that Epicurus' conception of happiness as freedom from anxiety was too passive and negative.
Sam Harris, in his bestselling work, The End of Faith: (Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason), elaborates on Epicurus' concept that the fear and worship of [the] God[s] is not a valid activity based on reason, and also creates an ethical standard by judging actions not only on the basis of the Ethic of Reciprocity, but whether these actions increase the happiness of others. He also speculates on a possible scientific basis for a state of "mental peace" found through the practice of various spiritual disciplines, and the value of the attainment of this state to mankind.

Legacy

Works

Bailey C. (1928) The Greek Atomists and Epicurus, Oxford.
Bakalis Nikolaos (2005) Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics Analysis and Fragments, Trafford Publishing, ISBN 1-4120-4843-5
Digireads.com The Works of Epicurus, January 2004.
Eugene O' Connor The Essential Epicurus, Prometheus Books, New York 1993.
Edelstein Epicureanism, Two Collections of Fragments and Studies Garland Publ. March 1987
Farrington, Benjamin. Science and Politics in the Ancient World, 2nd ed. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1965. A Marxist interpretation of Epicurus, the Epicurean movement, and its opponents.
Gottlieb, Anthony. The Dream of Reason: A History of Western Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance. London: Penguin, 2001. ISBN 0-14-025274-6
Inwood, Brad, tr. The Epicurus Reader, Hackett Publishing Co, March 1994.
Oates Whitney Jenning, The Stoic and Epicurean philosophers, The Complete Extant Writings of Epicurus, Epictetus, Lucretius and Marcus Aurelius, Random House, 9th printing 1940.
Panicha, George A. Epicurus, Twayne Publishers, 1967
Prometheus Books, Epicurus Fragments, August 1992.
Russel M. Geer Letters, Principal Doctrines, Vatican Sayings, Bobbs-Merrill Co, January 1964.
Diogenes of Oinoanda. The Epicurean Inscription, edited with Introduction, Translation and Notes by Martin Ferguson Smith, Bibliopolis, Naples 1993.

Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering [1], and Materials [2] at Imperial College London.

History
Designed by Sir Aston Webb, the RSM building was erected between 1909 and 1913 specifically to house the Royal School of Mines, which was previously resident in the Huxley Building on Exhibition Road, now the Henry Cole wing of the Victoria and Albert Museum. The RSM was the last of many buildings that Webb designed for the Albertopolis area (including the Cromwell Road frontage of the V&A) and, some would argue, his least resolved. Constructed in Portland stone, the entrance is formed by a three storey, semicircular niche, flanked by large memorials to Alfred Beit and Julius Wernher (P.R. Montford, 1916-1920). The western wing of the building is named after Webb, while the eastern end is named after the Goldsmiths' Company who helped to finance the building of the RSM.

The building
The distinctively Edwardian and academic styling cues used in the building's architecture have led to the RSM appearing in a number of film and television productions:

1965: The IPCRESS File Directed by Sydney J Furie and starring Michael Caine. The protagonist walks into the RSM and is magically transported to the old Science Museum Library.
1993: Agatha Christie's Poirot (ITV television). Appeared as the frontage and main entrance of "Imperial College" on "Exhibition Road" (although the RSM is on Prince Consort Road, off Exhibition Road) in the episode "The Underdog".
2004: Hustle (BBC television). Generic university frontage, briefly seen as an architecture student exits and is then approached by the main characters. The building in film
The RSM students union, or "RSM C&SC" as it is now known, has a constitution written in very formal terms that states the RSM exists for:
These are achieved through sports teams, societies and events which span the academic year from October to July. The highlight of the sporting and social calendar is the annual Bottle Match against Camborne School of Mines, the second oldest varsity match in the world.

The furthering of the interests of the members and the status of the RSM;
The promotion of sport within the RSM;
The promotion of interest in all aspects of geology and materials science;
The promotion of social intercourse among its members.

Early life and work
Moving to Florence when he was around 20, he was exposed to Leonardo da Vinci, "whom he never ceased to admire as a mentor and father figure", and to Michelangelo, just eight years his senior, "with whom he later had a stormy and competitive relationship." (Leonardo died in 1519, one year before Raphael, but Michelangelo lived until 1564.) Raphael learned from both men, but while he made use of their exploration of human anatomy, he added sentiment to his paintings.

Florentine period
At the end of 1508, he moved to Rome (at the urging of Donato Bramante, the architect of St. Peter's)
According to Vasari, his premature death on Good Friday (April 6, 1520, his 37th birthday) was caused by a night of excessive sex with her, after which he fell into a fever and, not telling his doctors that this was its cause, was given the wrong cure, which killed him. Whatever the cause, in his acute illness Raphael had the wit to receive the last rites, and put his affairs in order. He took the care to dictate his will, in which he left sufficient funds for her care, entrusted to his loyal servant Bavera. Vasari underlines that Raphael was also born on a Good Friday, in 1483, on 27 or 28 March. At his request, he was buried in the Pantheon.
Roman period
Raphael made no prints himself, but entered into a collaboration with Marcantonio Raimondi to produce engravings to Raphael's designs, which created many of the most famous Italian prints of the century, and was important in the rise of the reproductive print. A total of about fifty prints were made; some were copies of Raphael's paintings, but other designs were apparently created only to be made into prints. Raphael made preparatory drawings, many of which survive, for Raimondi to translate into engraving. The two most famous original prints to result from the collaboration were Lucretia and The Massacre of the Innocents. Outside Italy, reproductive prints by Raimondi and others were the main way that Raphael's art was experienced until the twentieth century.

Printmaking
The inscription in his marble sarcophagus, a distichon written by Pietro Bembo, reads: "Ille hic est Raffael, timuit quo sospite vinci, rerum magna parens et moriente mori." Meaning: "Here lies that famous Raphael by whom Nature feared to be outdone while he lived, and when he died, feared herself to die."
Raphael was highly admired by his contemporaries. When compared to Michelangelo and Titian, he was sometimes considered inferior; at the same time, it was maintained that none of them shared all the qualities possessed by Raphael, "ease" in particular.

Legacy

Chronology of main works

Resurrection of Christ (The Kinnaird Resurrection) (1499-1502) - Oil on wood, 52 x 44 cm, São Paulo Art Museum, São Paulo, Brazil
Angel (fragment of the Baronci Altarpiece) (1500-1501) - Oil on wood, 31 x 27 cm, Pinacoteca Civica Tosio Martinengo, Brescia, Italy
Angel (fragment of the Baronci Altarpiece) (1500-1501) - Oil on wood, 57 x 36 cm, Louvre, Paris
Holy Family with Madonna of the Veil (1500-1510) - Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples
St. Sebastian (1501-1502) - Oil on wood, 43 x 34 cm, Accademia Carrara, Bergamo
The Crowning of the Virgin (Oddi Altar) (c. 1501-1503) - Oil on canvas, 267 x 163 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican, Rome
The Annunciation (Oddi Altar, predella) (c. 1501-1503) - Oil on canvas, 27 x 50 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican, Rome
The Adoration of the Magi (Oddi Altar) (c. 1501-1503) - Oil on canvas, 27 x 150 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican, Rome
The Presentation in the Temple (Oddi Altar, predella) (c. 1501-1503) - Oil on canvas, 27 x 50 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican, Rome
Madonna Solly (Madonna with the Child) (1500-1504) - Oil on tablet, 53 x 38 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
Mond Crucifixion (Città di Castello Altarpiece) (1501-1503) - Oil on wood, 281 x 165 cm, National Gallery, London
Three Graces (c. 1501-1505) - Musée Condé, Chantilly, France
St. Michael (c. 1501) - Louvre, Paris
Portrait of a Man (c. 1502) - Oil on wood, 45 x 31 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Connestabile Madonna (1502-1503) - Tempera on wood, 17,5 x 18 cm, The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Madonna and Child (1503) - Oil on wood, 55 x 40 cm, Norton Simon Museum of Art, Pasadena
The Marriage of the Virgin (1504) - Oil on roundheaded panel, 174 x 121 cm, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
Vision of a Knight (1504) - Egg tempera on poplar, 17.1 x 17.1 cm, National Gallery, London
St. George (1504) - Oil on tablet, 31 x 27 cm, Louvre, Paris
Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints (Colonna Altarpiece), (1504-1505) - Tempera and gold on wood, 172,4 x 172,4 cm (main panel), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Portrait of Perugino (c. 1504) - Tempera on wood, 57 x 42 cm, Uffizi, Florence Early works

Portrait of Elisabetta Gonzaga (c. 1504) - Oil on wood, 52,9 x 37,4 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Pietro Bembo (c. 1504) - Oil on wood, 54 x 69 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
Self-portrait (1504-1506) -
Madonna of the Grand Duke (c. 1505) - Oil on wood, 84 x 55 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
The Ansidei Madonna (The Madonna between St. John Baptist and St. Nicholas of Bari) (c. 1505-1506) - Oil on poplar, 274 x 152 cm, National Gallery, London
Young Man with an Apple (1505) - Oil on wood, 47 x 35 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Christ Blessing (1505) - Oil on wood, 30 x 25 cm, Pinacoteca Civica Tosio Martinengo, Brescia, Italy
Madonna Terranova (1504-1505) - Oil on wood, 87 cm, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505) - Uffizi, Florence
Madonna del Prato (The Madonna of the Meadow) (c. 1505) – Oil on wood, 113 x 88 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
St. George and the Dragon (1505-1506) - Oil on wood, 28.5 x 21.5 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington
La Donna Gravida (1505-1506) - Oil on wood, 66 x 52 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Portrait of Agnolo Doni (1505-1507) - Oil on wood, 63 x 45 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Portrait of Maddalena Doni (1505-1507) - Oil on wood, 63 x 45 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Madonna of the Pinks (1506)
Young Woman with Unicorn (1506, disputed) - Oil on canvas, 65 x 51 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Madonna with Beardless St. Joseph (1506) - Tempera on canvas transferred from wood, 74 x 57 cm, The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Saint Catherine of Alexandria (1507) - Oil on wood, 72 x 55 cm, National Gallery, London
Canigiani Holy Family (1507) - Oil on wood, 132 x98 cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
La belle jardinière (1507) - Louvre, Paris
The Deposition of Christ (The Entombment) (1507-1508) - Oil on wood, 184 x 176 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
The Three Theological Virtues (tryptic) (1507) - Oil on wood, 16 x 44 cm (each), Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican, Rome
Portrait of a Young Woman (La Muta) (1507-1508) - Oil on wood, 64 x 48 cm, Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino
The Tempi Madonna (Madonna with the Child) (1508) - Alte Pinakothek, Munich
La Madonna de Bogota (Madonna with the Child) (1507) - NY Bank Volt, New York Roman period

Renaissance painting
Italian Renaissance
Western painting
History of painting

WPP Group plc (LSE: WPP) (NASDAQ: WPPGY), based in London, United Kingdom, is one of the world's largest communications services groups (and one of the big six advertising holding companies, the others being Omnicom, Interpublic, Publicis, Dentsu and Havas) employing 97,000 people working in more than 2,000 offices in 106 countries. Its self-conceived characterization is a "parent company," able to bring together the right combination of capabilities to serve a client's analytic and creative brand marketing needs.

Governance

141 Worldwide
20:20 Brand Action
24/7 RealMedia
A Eicoff
Added Value
Addison Corporate Marketing
Adient
AGB Nielsen Media Research
Alliance
Always Marketing
Argonauten360
Atlas Advertising
AVHb2b
Banner Corporation
Bates Asia
Bates PanGulf
Batey
BDG McColl
BDGworkfutures
BEN Marketing Group
Beyond Interactive
BJK&E
BKSH
Blanc & Otus
Blue Interactive
BMRB
BPRI
BrandBuzz
Bridge Worldwide
Brierley & Partners
Brouillard Communications
bsb comunicacion
Buchanan Communications
Burson-Marsteller
W|R, An Ogilvy PR Worldwide Company
Cannondale Associates
Carbon
Carl Byoir & Associates
Catalyst online
CAW Marketing
CBA
Center Partners
Chime Communications Plc
Clarion Communications
Clever Media
Clockwork Capital
Cohn & Wolfe
Coley Porter Bell
CommonHealth
Compas
Conectics
Contract Advertising
D/R/Added Value
David Communications Group
Dentsu, Young & Rubicam
Diamond Ogilvy
Digit
digital@JWT
Digital PR
Direct.com
Dovetail
drs Insight Group
Dynamic Logic
e-tecture
Einson Freeman
Enterprise IG
Equus
Essence Communications
Etcom
Everystone Group
EWA Bespoke Communications
facts+fiction
Feinstein Kean Healthcare (FKH)
Ferguson
Finsbury
Fitch
Focalyst
Food Group
Forward
Fudge Group
FullSIX
Fusion5
Futurecom interactive
G WHIZ
G2 Worldwide
GCI Group
Geometry
George Patterson, Y&R
Geppetto Group
Glass
Glendinning Management Consultants
Global Sportnet
goodtechnology
Grass Roots
Grey Direct
Grey Global Group
Grey Healthcare
Grey Interactive
Grey Worldwide
Grey3
GroupM
Headcount
Henley Centre Headlight Vision
HighCo
Hill & Knowlton
HLS (Health Learning Systems)
HMA Blaze
IBI Inc
IBOPE Media Information
icon brand navigation group
iconmobile group
IdeaWorks
IEG
IMRB International
Information Design Unit
IPAN (India Public Affairs Network)
J. Brown
Joshua-G2
JWT
JWT Specialized Communications
Kang & Lee Advertising
Kantar Group
Kantya Brand Strategies
Kinetic Worldwide
KMR Group
KnowledgeBase Marketing
KR Media
Lambie-Nairn
Landor Associates
LG Ad Inc
Lightspeed Research
LiveWorld-WPP
Lorien Consulting
Malone Advertising
Management Ventures
Mando Brand Assurance
Marsteller
Maruri Publicidad
Mattson Jack Group
Maxus
Maxx Marketing
MBS/Vox
MDS Global Consulting
MEC Interaction
MEC:Sponsorship
Media Insight
Media Puzzle
Media+
MediaCom Worldwide
Mediaedge:cia
Mediapro Group
Medical Broadcasting Company
Metro Broadcast
Millward Brown
MindShare
MJM
MosaicaMD
Motivator
Noesis
Offspring PR
Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide
Ogilvy Healthworld
Ogilvy Primary Contact
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide
OgilvyInteractive
OgilvyOne Worldwide
Outrider
ohal
PACE
Penn Schoen & Berland Associates
Performance
Performance SportEnt Worldwide
PiranhaKid Communications
Plush Films
PPR
PQ Plakat Qualitact
Premiere Sponsorship Marketing
PRISM
Pro Deo
ProCom
Public Strategies Inc
Qi
Quantum Corporation
Quinn Gillespie
Red Cell
Reddion
Research International
RMG Connect
RMS Instore
Robinson Lerer & Montgomery
Roman Brand Group
RPCA
RTC Relationship Marketing
santamaria
Schematic
SCPF
SMG KRC
Soho Square
Solara
Spafax
Sprint Production
STO Response
Strategic Horizons
Studiocom
Sudler & Hennessey
Syzygy
Team UK Media
Teledirect
The Brand Shop
The Bravo Group
the campaign palace / red cell
The Channel
The Farm
The Focus Network
The Initiatives Group
The Leverage Group
The MC Group
The Partners
These Days
The Store
The Voluntarily United Group of Creative Agencies
Timmons and Company
Uniworld Group
VBAT
VML, Inc.
WalkerGroup
Warwicks
Wexler & Walker Public Policy Associates
WINGLATINO
Wire and Plastic Products
Wunderman
Xchange
XM London
XM Asia Pacific
Y&R
Ziment Group