Visionary architecture is the name given to architecture which exists only on paper or which has visionary qualities. Étienne-Louis Boullée, Claude Nicolas Ledoux and Jean-Jacques Lequeu are one of the earliest examples of the discipline. But the work of Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Antonio Sant'Elia and Buckminster Fuller is also included. In the latter half of the 20th century, there were architectural design movements such as Archigram, Archizoom and Superstudio.
The architectural paintings of Giorgio de Chirico also are sometimes included in this category.

See also

Futurist architecture

Since 2001, the Free and Open source Software Developers' European Meeting (commonly known as FOSDEM) is an annual 2-day event hosting talks, tutorials, and stalls for the free software community. It is organised by volunteers at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium every year at the end of February.
Access to all parts of FOSDEM is free, but donations and sponsors are requested to help fund the event. In 2004 it was attended by 2500 people.
In addition to the main schedule, rooms are provided for individual projects to hold discussions.
It has been the venue for the Free Software Foundation's Award for the Advancement of Free Software since 2001 although 2006 was an exception. Richard Stallman has given one of the keynotes nearly every year.
The event in 2001 was Open Source Developers European Meeting. Its current name was adopted in 2002.

2005
Richard Stallman did the opening with a speech about software patents, followed by some comments about the aim of the GPLv3.
Uriel M. Pereira gave a speech about Plan 9 from Bell Labs.
Jeff Waugh closed the event with a speech about Free Software and the GNU/Linux Desktop.

Main Tracks
There were also developer rooms focusing on CrossDesktop, KDE, GNOME, openSUSE, Mozilla, GNU Classpath and OpenJDK, CentOS and Fedora, Jabber, OpenGroupware and GNUstep, Python, Research Room, X.org, Gentoo, Debian and Embedded.

OLPC
Liberating Java

Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929 in Manhattan, New York City, USA) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles.

Biography
He earned a bachelor's degree in physics from Yale University in 1948, and a PhD in physics from MIT in 1951. After serving as Visiting Associate Professor at Columbia University in 1954-55, he became a professor at the University of Chicago before moving to the California Institute of Technology, where he taught from 1955 until 1993.
He is currently the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at Caltech as well as a University Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He is a member of the editorial board of the Encyclopædia Britannica. In 1984 Gell-Mann co-founded the Santa Fe Institute — a non-profit research institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico — to study complex systems and disseminate the notion of a separate interdisciplinary study of complexity theory.

Personal life
This article contains a trivia section. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items into the main text and removing inappropriate items.

One of Gell-Mann's hobbies is bird watching
Gell-Mann is lefthanded
Gell-Mann has an Erdos number of 3
Gell-Mann is a Fellow of the American Physical Society; Member, National Academy of Sciences, Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Gell-Mann appeared in a commercial for Enron [3]. Prizes

Gell-Mann's Home Page at SFI

Jack Rosenthal, CBE (8 September 1931 - 29 May 2004) , was an English playwright, who wrote 129 early episodes of the ITV soap opera Coronation Street and over 150 screenplays, including original TV plays, feature films, and adaptations.
He was born in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, and after studying English Literature at Sheffield University and carrying out his National Service in the Royal Navy he worked briefly in advertising before joining Granada Television and becoming a regular writer for the groundbreaking soap Coronation Street. During the 1960s, he wrote material for various television comedy shows including the satirical That Was The Week That Was. At Granada Television, he wrote a spin off series from Coronation Street for the character, Leonard Swindley, played by Arthur Lowe called Pardon the Expression and created the comedy series The Dustbinmen and The Lovers (TV series) starring Richard Beckinsale. In1976 he also wrote a TV drama for ITV, called Ready When You Are, Mr McGill, which was later remade in 2003.
Rosenthal won three BAFTA awards for Bar Mitzvah Boy (about a Jewish boy's Bar Mitzvah), The Evacuees (based in his own war-time evacuation) and Spend, Spend, Spend (about a football pools winner, Viv Nicholson). He also wrote The Knowledge, a film about London taxi-drivers which has become a classic for cabbies-in-training. He created London's Burning as a one-off drama in 1986, and this later developed into a long-running TV drama.
In 1983, Rosenthal co-wrote the film Yentl with Barbra Streisand. He also did uncredited work on the screenplay of Chicken Run.
Rosenthal also wrote the book for the musical version of Bar Mitzvah Boy, with music by Jule Styne.
He married actress Maureen Lipman in 1974, and they have two grown-up children, writers Amy and Adam Rosenthal.
Rosenthal was awarded the CBE in 1994.
He died on 29 May 2004, following a long battle against multiple myeloma, a form of cancer.
His autobiography, By Jack Rosenthal was published posthumously and a four-part adaptation by his daughter, titled Jack Rosenthal's Last Act was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in July 2006 starring Maureen Lipman as herself and Stephen Mangan as Jack Rosenthal.

Founded in 1903, the University of Puerto Rico (Universidad de Puerto Rico in Spanish, UPR) is the oldest and largest university system in Puerto Rico. Though Puerto Rico is not a U.S. state, the system is run much like a state university system and its programs have been accredited by U.S. accreditation agencies. UPR consists of 11 campuses with approximately 64,740 student and faculty. (Approximately 60,000 are undergraduates).

UPR Presidents

University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus
University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla
University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo
University of Puerto Rico at Bayamón
University of Puerto Rico at Carolina
University of Puerto Rico at Cayey
University of Puerto Rico at Humacao
University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
University of Puerto Rico at Ponce
University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras
University of Puerto Rico at Utuado

Travis Osborn Hanson (b. January 24, 1981 in Seattle, Washington) is a minor league baseball third baseman with the Memphis Redbirds the AAA affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals. He is a highly touted prospect and is expected to make his major league debut soon. In 2005, Travis established career highs in home runs (20) and RBI (97) and was awarded the Cardinals Minor League Player of the Year Award, after injuries plauged his 2004 season.

For the Somerset Maugham Award-winning author, see Clive Sinclair (author).
Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born July 30, 1940) is a well-known British entrepreneur and inventor of the world's first 'slim-line' electronic pocket calculator in 1972 (Sinclair Executive) and the ZX80, ZX81 and ZX Spectrum computers in the late 1970s and early 1980s, amongst many other things.
The ZX80 was the UK's first mass market home computer to be sold for under £100. Sinclair was fascinated by electronics and miniaturization from his teenage years. In 1961 he started his own company, Sinclair Radionics Ltd, after spending several years as assistant editor for Practical Wireless and Instrument Practice to raise funds.
In recent years Sinclair has become a keen poker player and appeared in the first three seasons of the Late Night Poker TV series. He won the first season final of the Celebrity Poker Club spin-off, defeating Keith Allen.
His most recent invention is the A-bike, an ingenious folding bicycle for commuters that weighs only 5.5 kilograms (12 pounds) and folds to a very small size for easy carrying on a train or bus.

Early life, family and education

Sinclair Radionics (1958 - 1979)

Main article: Sinclair Research Ltd Notes

A-bike
Sinclair C5
Sinclair Radionics Ltd
Sinclair Research Ltd
Sinclair Vehicles Ltd

Different naturalization laws
There had always been a distinction in English law between the subjects of the monarch and aliens: the monarch's subjects owed him allegiance, and included those born in his dominions (natural-born subjects) and those who later gave him their allegiance (naturalized subjects).

Early examples
Finland became independent on December 6, 1917. The old constitution, dating back to Swedish rule, required all Finnish citizens to be of Evangelical Lutheran faith. Both Jews and Muslims started to apply for Finnish citizenship in 1918. Muslims, however, were accepted only after the Constitution of Finland was modified and general freedom of religion was declared by 1919.

Naturalization in Finland

Main article: British nationality law Naturalisation in the United Kingdom

Main article: United States nationality law Naturalization in the United States
A few rare massive naturalizations procedures have been implemented by nation states. In 1922, Greece massively naturalized all the Greek refugees coming back from Turkey. The second massive naturalization procedure was in favor of Armenian refugees coming from Turkey, who went to Syria, Lebanon or other former Ottoman countries.
The most recent massive naturalization case resulted from the Argentine economic crisis in the beginning of the 21st century. Right of return laws in Spain and Italy allowed many of their diasporic descendants to obtain—in many cases to regain—naturalization in virtue of jus sanguinis, as in the Greek case. Hence, many Argentinians and Latin Americans acquired European nationality.
Since the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution grants citizenship only to those "born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof", and the original United States Constitution only grants Congress the power of naturalization, it could be argued that all acts of Congress that expand the right of citizenship are cases of massive naturalization. This includes the acts that extended U.S. citizenship to citizens of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, as well as the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 which made all Native Americans citizens (most of them were previously excluded under the "jurisdiction" clause of the 14th Amendment).

Massive naturalizations
Denaturalization is the reverse of naturalization, when a state deprives one of its citizens of his or her citizenship. From the point of view of the individual, denaturalization means "revocation" or "loss" of citizenship. Denaturalization can be based on various legal justifications. The most severe form is the "stripping of citizenship" when denaturalization takes place as a penalty for actions considered criminal by the state, often only indirectly related to nationality, for instance for having served in a foreign military. In countries that enforce single citizenship, voluntary naturalization in another country will lead to an automatic loss of the original citizenship; the language of the law often refers to such cases as "giving up one's citizenship" or (implicit) renunciation of citizenship. Unlike these two cases, which affect also native-born citizens, naturalized citizens can lose their citizenship by an annulment of naturalization, also known as "administrative denaturalization" where the original act of naturalization is found to be invalid, for instance due to an administrative error or if it had been based on fraud (including bribery). In the US, the Bancroft Treaties in the 19th century regulated legislation concerning denaturalization.

Denaturalization
Loss of U.S. citizenship was a consequence of foreign military service based on Section 349(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act until its provisions were found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1967.
After annexation of the territories east of the Curzon line by the Soviet Union in 1945, Communist Poland denaturalized en masse all the inhabitants of those territories - including ethnic Poles, as well as its other citizens who had been deported into the Soviet Union, mainly to Kazakhstan. Those persons were forcibly naturalized as Soviet citizens. In contrast to Germany, which affords the ethnic German population in Russia and Kazakhstan full citizenship rights, Poland has only a very limited repatriation program and treats the repatriates as foreigners who need to be naturalized.
Yaser Esam Hamdi was a U.S. citizen captured in Afghanistan in 2001. The U.S. government claimed that he was fighting against U.S. and Afghan Northern Alliance forces with the Taliban. He was named by the Bush administration as an "illegal enemy combatant", and detained for almost three years without receiving any charges. On September 23, 2004, the United States Justice Department agreed to release Hamdi to Saudi Arabia on the condition that he gives up his U.S. citizenship.

Between World Wars
In the United States, the proposed, but never ratified, Titles of Nobility amendment of 1810 would strip off the American citizenship anyone who would "accept, claim, receive or retain, any title of nobility" or who would receive any gifts or honors from a foreign power.

The merlion (Simplified Chinese: 鱼尾狮; Pinyin: Yúwěishī) is a statue with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. Its name comes from a portmanteau of mermaid and lion. The merlion was designed by Fraser Brunner for the Singapore Tourism Board in 1964 and was used as its logo up to 1997. The Merlion continues to be its trademark symbol. It also appears frequently in STB-approved souvenirs.
Based on the Singapore Tourism Board's publicity campaign, the lion head and fish body of the creature recalls the story of the legendary Sang Nila Utama, who saw a lion while hunting on an island, en route to Malacca. The island eventually became the sea port of Temasek, a precursor to Singapore.

Merlion statue
There are five official Merlions in Singapore approved by the Singapore Tourism Board. These include the two at Merlion Park, one a smaller Merlion and the other the main Merlion (both by Lim Nang Seng in 1972).

Singapore

Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan built by Masaru Yanagisawa.
Shenzhen, China, on Window of the World. Events

Edwin Thumboo cemented the iconic status of the Merlion as a personification of Singapore with his poem Ulysses by the Merlion in 1979. Due to Thumboo's status as Singapore's unofficial poet laureate and the nationalistic mythmaking qualities of his poetry, future generations of Singaporean poets have struggled with the symbol of the Merlion, frequently taking an ironic, critical, or even hostile stand - and pointing out its artificiality and the refusal of ordinary Singaporeans to accept a tourist attraction as their national icon. The poem "attracted considerable attention among subsequent poets, who have all felt obliged to write their own Merlion (or anti-Merlion) poems, illustrating their anxiety of influence, as well as the continuing local fascination with the dialectic between a public and a private role for poets, which Thumboo (as Yeats before him, in the Irish context) has wanted to sustain as a fruitful rather than a tense relation between the personal and the public." Among the poems of this nature are "Merlign" by Alvin Pang and "Love Song for a Merlion" by Vernon Chan.
The Merlion was featured - or not featured, depending on how you look at it - in the 2005 Venice Biennale in the work of artist Lim Tzay Chuen called "Mike". In his controversial work, he had proposed taking the sculpture in the Merlion Park to the Singapore Pavilion at the exhibition.

The National Development Policy replaced the Malaysian New Economic Policy in 1990 but continued to pursue most of NEP policies. The Malay share of the economy, though substantially larger, was not near the 30% target according to government figures. In its review of the NEP, the government found that although income inequality had been reduced, some important targets related to overall Malay corporate ownership had not been met. Both Mahathir and the Tunku had expressed concern that the Malays remained too reliant on the Chinese economically.

MIMAROPA is one of the two regions of the Philippines having no land border with another region, Eastern Visayas being the other, and is designated as Region IV-B. The name is an acronym that stands for its provinces, which are: Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. Palawan was subsequently moved from MIMAROPA to the more logical Western Visayas, turning the former into MIMARO. There is only one city in the entire region: Calapan City in Oriental Mindoro.

History
Marinduque is an agricultural province, primarily growing rice and coconuts. Fishing is also an important part of the economy. Mining was once an important player in the economy until a mining accident (the Marcopper mining incident) occurred, bringing the industry to a standstill on the island. The provincial government has just recently sued Marcopper's parent company, Placer Dome, for $100 million in damages. It includes Marinduque Island and 24 other islands. Iron, gold, silver, and copper are mined there. There is also a lumbering industry and subsistence farming.

Economy

Political divisions

Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

The U.S. House election, 1906 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1906 which occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term.
As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party, but retained a large overall majority. Disatisfaction with conditions among industrial workers in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest caused them to turn out to the polls in large numbers in support of the Democratic Party. However, gains in these regions were not enough to remove the Republican majority.

Overall results

People and culture
The economy depends firstly on fishing, secondly on coconuts, thirdly on rice. The province has 169 km of coastline fronting the rich fishing grounds of Panguil and Iligan bays. It also has the biggest area of brackish-water fishponds in the region. Tangub is a fishing port on Panguil Bay famous for seafood. Coconut is the chief crop. This is processed into oil, desiccated coconut, and coir, most of which are shipped to Cebu. Coconut processing is the main industry in Oroquieta. Other crops grown are rice, corn, abaca, coffee, cacao and rubber.

Economy

Geography
Misamis Occidental is subdivided into 14 municipalities and 3 cities.

Political

Oroquieta City
Ozamis City
Tangub City Cities

Aloran
Baliangao
Bonifacio
Calamba
Clarin
Concepcion
Don Victoriano Chiongbian (Don Mariano Marcos)
Jimenez
Lopez Jaena
Panaon
Plaridel
Sapang Dalaga
Sinacaban
Tudela Physical

North Korea seeks help after floods ravage country

SEOUL, Aug 14 (Reuters) - North Korea is seeking international help after it reported massive flooding had left hundreds of people dead or missing and washed away many buildings, a U.N. aid agency spokesman said on Tuesday.

North Korea, which has struggled with chronic food shortages for years, also said in a report early on Tuesday that floodwaters caused "tens of thousands of hectares of farmland (to be) inundated, buried under silt and washed away."

Paul Risley, Asia spokesman with the U.N. World Food Programme, said: "If the figures are borne out by our own assessment, then we are very concerned that this is a significant emergency crisis."

"It is still very early in this process but we have received a preliminary request from North Korean authorities, asking for our assistance," Risley said.

He said an inter-agency relief team was expected to be in North Korea in the next day.

Three big storms hit North Korea in 2006, and a pro-Pyongyang newspaper reported that more than 800 people were killed or went missing in the resulting floods. The damage figures North Korea reported last year were lower than for this year's flooding.